When someone says poetry, many people think of rhyming quatrains or couplets--perhaps a few may think of iambic pentameter--but we rarely think of all the types of poetry in existence. Most of the poetry on this site is free verse, but every once in a while I like to branch out and try new things. Sites such as Poets Collective, Shadow Poetry, Young Writers, Poetry Foundation, and Poets.org provide detailed information (as well as examples in some cases) of different poetry types.
The following is not so much a resource for types of poetry (the above mentioned sites are already doing a stellar job at that), so much as a feel for poetic types. Most sites explain the structure, but I thought I'd add some commentary. Sometimes you just want to know "why this style" or "does any one else have this problem," so I thought I'd add my two cents.